Reflective Synopsis

The digital age has arisen into the education system providing exciting and innovative ways of how our current and future students will immerse in learning. Digital exploration in education is displaying slow development due to unknowledgable educators who require a lot more support in the understandings in the evolution of this digital age. Today's students are being labeled as a "Digital Native" - those who are knowledgeable and fluent in digital technology and understandings (Prensky 2001). In comparison teachers are perceived as "Digital Immigrates" - pre-digital age new borns, curious to explore what this new world has to offer(Prensky 2001). The Challenges for today's teachers is to equal and advance their knowledge to that of Digital Natives and provide a level of engagement by integrating what the digital age has to offer for the learners that is both stimulating and up to date to achieve successful learning outcomes (Thrupp 2010).

Integration of information and communication technologies (ICT's) are an important tool to consider when analyzing the different types of learners based around learning theories. The theories of behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism can be stimulated through selecting ICT tools that relate to particular charcteristics of each theory causing engagement across a diverse field (Mergel 1998). A site created by Kelly Lein 2009: Elearning Pedagogy, displays different types of ICT tools that have been designed, connecting characteristics of different learning theories. Discussions about Lein 2009 came to conclude that having an example of an ICT tool created by theory characteristics strengthened understandings of ICT creation for learners based on learning theories.

Selecting and applying ICT tools in the classroom can be seen as challenging yet rewarding task if learning outcomes are achieved via this path. The student generations in schools today are evolving in a world filled with technology and require the teachings and understandings of these technologies to carry students through into adulthood. Eisenberg, Johnson and Berkowitz (2010)state that students "need to be proficient in technology" and that technology in schools needs to be integrated in a way that students find meaningful and not set aside as a separate subject. To ensure teachers are integrating ICT's correctly, a framework should be selected to ensure the tools are being applied correctly to achieve purposeful outcomes. These frameworks include Dimensions of Learning (Marzano and Pickering 1997), Bloom's Taxonomy (Frangenheim 2006), Productive Pedagogies (Department of Education 2002) and the Big Six (Eisenberg, Johnson and Berkowitz 2010). These frameworks are able to be used to construct activities that require high order thinking, the ability to create, evaluate and analyze and extend and refine knowledge and apply it meanfully.

Each framework functions in different ways but all achieve the same outcome of higher order thinking. Bloom's taxonomy was the selected framework that was used when analyzing selected digital tools for the subject areas of Science and HPE. Bloom's focuses on thinking strategies beginning with lower levels of remembering, understanding and applying through to higher thinking levels of analyze evaluate and create (Frandenheim 2006). It has been observed that most teachers only apply the lower levels of thinking in the classroom and students are lacking higher order thinking skills when applying to problems (Frangenheim 2006). ICT's can be integrated into higher order thinking activities to gain a better stimulation and connection between student and material to what is trying to be learnt. Research suggests that the digital generations are displaying new ways of thinking reflecting different learning styles (Margaryan, Littlejohn 2008), therefore the need for higher order thinking activities applied through ICT's in the classroom is crucial to stay connected with out current students and develop and advance their cognitive abilities.

The following digital tools have been selected that I would find useful to integrate in the classroom that will engage the learner and assist in higher order thinking skills. Each digital tool heading can be clicked on to provide research found including a blog reflection when investigating each tool.

Blogs

Regardless of subject area, blogs can be integrated into work very easily and be used to incorporate higher order thinking skills. Blogging can provide students with the opportunity to reflect on a task and create a sense of ownership as they design and present their own visual text. Students engaging in construction of visual text such as blogs, supports literacy development and demonstrate that students are motivated to work on literacy skills due to the popularity of what blogging has become today (Constanti 2010). The down side to blogging is keeping control of the types of comments that are poster on blogs. It would be encouraged for teachers to enforce and teach etiquette rules for blogging and monitor comments. Please click here to view ideas in the classroom.

Concept Maps

Using concept maps is a great way for brain storming for any year level and any subject. Using a concept map allows the student to make connections between ideas and how the learner makes the conceptual link to the main concept. Fragenheim (2006) discusses how concept maps provide the know and learn elements to a unit and are closely linked to the thinking strategy of K.W.H.L. Constructing a digital concept map allows the student to personalize and make alterations and additions which can reflect what the student has learnt. By students identifying the key points then elaborating linking points can start constructing a flow of how the unit can link. Students can see where there journey is heading towards and identify what they must know to achieve outcome.

I have applied digital concept mapping in my year 8 science class for their unit on adaptation. For their final assessment students are to construct a vehicle that can go in water applying specific characteristics of a dolphin, sea snake and jelly fish. To arrive at the final assessment piece , digital concept maps can be applied through the unit. This particular concept maps that would be used would be formulated on bubbl.us where students are able to continuously add to the map and can be altered at any time.

Wiki

Analyzing how a wiki functions can allow for many opportunities for students to make use of a digital tool in the classroom. Discussions on wiki's came to conclude that this tool can improve skills of evaluating and making judgements which are critical in high order thinking development (Frangenheim 2006).

An example of wiki integration in the classroom could be applied to group assignment tasks. It is very common that students participate in group all through schooling and the concern for both the teacher and student is that not all members of group contribute the same amount of effort towards the assignment. Integrating the use of a wiki to use as a research tool for group assessment is a great way to monitor how much each student student is contributing to the group. At the conclusion of assessment, wiki's should be included with assignment to support proof of research and individuals mark.

Power Point

Power point presentations are possibly the most used digital tool in the classroom of today. As technology advances there is no longer a need for teachers to write on the board or for students to create a simple poster to support their speech. Schools are now being equipped with data projectors and students have easy access to computers so the support for power point presentations is increasingly high.

This digital tool does support a students learning by allowing the teacher to spend more time working with students than countless hours writing on the board and students can always have access to presentations if schooling is missed. The main concern with this tool is creating a presentation that us stimulating and effective to the student. Discussions have identified that power point could be the new chalk and talk and that teachers and students lack the skills of creating a stimulating and engaging presentation.

Another type of presentation that could be more engaging for learners who connect well with listening to information is a Voki. This is a very different approach for engaging the learner but the outcome of engagement could be very rewarding.

Nintendo Wii

Digital tools should not only be resorted to the world wide web but be applied in the many digital technologies we have around us. The Nintendo Wii is the new technology that gets the body moving and has proven that the same activity done on the game can improve fitness to the activity done in a natural environment (Anders 2008). These results are promising as this tool could be applied in school subjects such as HPE in schools that have limited resources, disability students or schools that deal with harsh weather conditions.

Technologies are advancing at a staggering rate, what was new today will be old tomorrow and a more advance model will be created by the time the current model has been released. It is crucial that teachers engage themselves in new technologies to keep the connection with students and not lose touch with how students are developing cognitively through the use of technology.

Reference

Andrew, M. (2008). As Good as the Real Thing. Retrieved from : www.acefitness.org/getfit/studies/Wiistudy.pdf

Constanti, G. (2010). Why Bother With Blogging. Marrick Metro, NSW: Primary English Teaching Association

Education Queensland. (2002). Productive Pedagogies. Brisbane: QLD

Eisenberg, M & Berkowitz, B. (2001). The Big6 Skills Overview. Retrieved from http://www.big6.com/

Frangenheim, E. (2006). Reflections on classroom thinking strategies. Loganholme, QLD: Rodin Educational Publishing

Margaryan, A & Littlejohn , A. (2008) Are digital natives a myth or reality?: Students’ use of technologies for learning. Retrieved from http://www.academy.gcal.ac.uk/anoush/documents/DigitalNativesMythOrReality-MargaryanAndLittlejohn-draft-111208.pdf

Marzano, R.J., & Pickering, D.J. (1997). Dimensions of learning. Teacher’s manual. Colorado: Mid-Continent Regional Educational Laboratory.

Mergel, B. (1998). Instructional design and Learning Theory. Retrieved from http://www.usask.ca/education/coursework/802papers/mergel/brenda.htm#The%20Basics%20of%20Behaviorism

Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. 9(5), 1-6. Retrieved from http://marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf

Thrupp,RM. (2010). ICT Created Diversity in the Classroom: The Contemporary Learner. Digital diversity conference: Melbourne. Retrieved from http://moodle.cqu.edu.au/file.php/4033/ThruppAcec.pdf

Nintendo Wii

As HPE is one my second areas of teaching I would like to involve students in some type of physical activity thats requires technology. I found Nintendo Wii to do just that. Reserach has shown that fitness levels can increase by the use of a Wii and having them in schools can be very benifical to schools that have limited resources, disability students and dealing with dramatic weather. This handout was a great read on how benifical Wii can be in schools (sorry could not hyper link to hand. Please go to google and enter in Wii in PDHPE handout)

Voki

Digital 10: Digital Video

I really enjoyed creating this movie as I found it very simple and straight forward. My movie is very basic with images of different animals but after playing around with this tool you could create some very tricky high tech movies. I would implement this this movie in a biology class studying animal adaptations. I would show this clip to the class and ask them to write down the different animals they see. From there the students would create a concept map for each animal identifying different features that help the animal survive in its particular environment. This movie is designed to trigger ideas in students minds to be able to think of why animals have particular features.

This clip I have used from YouTube many times for teaching students about the brain. Students freak out when they hear all these weird and wonderful words of the anatomy of the brain so to help remember them and their location a song has been created sung by the cartoon characters Pinky and the Brain. Each lesson I would play the song but get students to fill in blanks of the song or write down or label a picture of the brain while listening to the song. By the end of the unit I created an activity for students to create a song about sensory receptors (part of the brain unit) and looked at how the human brain remembers little tunes and rhymes

Digital Tool 9: Podcasting

Getting on board with podcasting did confuse me a little with trying to understand the concept and how in the world was I going to apply this in the classroom. After doing some research I soon learnt to discover that the term podcasting was the formation of the two words 'Ipod' and 'broadcast' and found that this digital tool can be very appealing to teachers as it is free, easy and accessible (Riddle 2010).

For both students and teachers, podcasting allows information to be easily delivered and received on deman and easily accessible in mobile areas (Riddle 2010). For these purposes the use of podcasting in a school environment can be integrated into the current curriculum requirements in each subjects areas. To demonstrate the use of podcasting a school I came across created a wiki page and embedded different types of podcast on to it

Please View Willowdale Elementary School

This wiki provides some fantastic ideas and a great little science idea where students use a podcast to explain the chemistry in every day products e.g. Sports Drinks and Sunscreen

Riddle, J 2010. The Tech Effect: Podcasting in the Classroom-A sound success. Available: http://www.mmischools.com/Articles/Column/The-Teach-Effect/THE-TECH-EFFECT-Podcasting-in-the-Classroom--A-Sound-Success-60444.aspx

Digital Tool 8: Images

A picture can say a 1000 words

(image form worth1000.com)

The use of an image can create wonder in a classroom. My favourite use of images in a classroom is showing the class through a projector what an image looks like under the microscope. Using a video microscope in the classroom students can view what they have been dissecting and present to the rest of the class. I also use a lot of images during the disease unit to show students real life out comes how disease can effect the human body and signs and symptoms to look for. As this is a senior topic pictures were selected tastefully and ensure main points were delivered.

Great images sites: flicker and worth1000.com

Digital Tool 7: Learning Management System (LMS)

Being a CQU student is a perfect example of how LMS can be so effective. As a majority of CQU students are classed as external students where they receive limited to no contact time with lecture, LMS enhances this contact time. LMS programs allow students to follow a structure to their course and provides opportunities for students to work from home or really any where in the world with computer access.

From a teachers point of view LMS allows the freedom to upload resources and monitor students involvement in a subject. I think most schools are in the process of using LMS programs to communicate between staff, students and the community.

Digital Tool 6: Prezi. com

I found the use of Prezi. com very interesting however if you take away the sparkle, to me its just an updated version of PowerPoint. As I commented in my ppt blog that I have concerns with using these types of presentations in the classroom I feel Prezi will demonstrate the same characteristics. Introducing this tool to students to use for particular in class activities could draw more interest to them compared to the standard old ppt. As we keep working through this course and discovering that technology is the future I think we need to start considering old technology vs new technology and what is more appealing to our students

Digital Tool 5: PowerPoint

From past knowledge of computers I believed that I knew the ins and outs of the power point (ppt) program until I was presented with steps for PowerPoint with an edge. I found it very practical designing a PowerPoint in a word document and being able to transfer this information directly to ppt program. Being able to see the whole layout of design rather than going through each slide was a better process. I was able to cross reference information between each slide to ensure everything linked and kept on a flow.

On a different view I would like to reflect on ppt use in classrooms of today. Is it the new chalk and talk? So far out of my degree I have attended two schools one only very new and being classed as ICT inclined and the other is where my parents went to school and not one teacher would use a ppt presentation to teach a class.

Walking into my first school I was very excited to write on the board as it can be a very hard skill to master. To my disappointment I hardly wrote on the board and was encourage heavily to use ppt presentation as this was the way teachers taught the class. I did enjoy designing presentations but I was concerned that slides may not be effective to my learners. From what I observed I felt that ppt could be really effective towards the learning however they need to be created in a format that does not reflect the chalk and talk process. The article "PowerPoint in the classroom" highlights some important points about the use of ppt.

Spending my second year at a less ICT inclined school was very intersting to observed. A lot more practical activities where happening in the classroom but the amount of content that was delivered was at minimal level. I did discuss with a lot of the teachers of how they felt about ICT usage and majority replied that they are not educated enough and lack facilities.

I believe there are advantages and disadvantages to using ppt and as our digital world evolves I feel teachers will no longer have the choice to resort to the board but be required to implement a lesson via a digital presentation.

Digital Tool 4: Website

My Website

Creating a website I found very frustrating as the process seemed very slow and time consuming. I am struggling with ideas of how to implement the use of a website into a unit of work. I have thought that a website could be a great communication tool for the teacher to the general class to give updates on what is happening in class and assessment dates. The best idea I have come up with is for the students to design a website for assessment that is on the particular unit of work. You could tie in a lot of numeracy and literacy skills with this but my concern with this assessment is the amount of time it will consume in class. Would love to know other peoples thoughts on implementing this tool into a unit of work.

Digital Tool 3: Wiki

I found this digital tool very easy to create and I am very confident that any high school student could manage this application within a subject. My Wiki

At first I was having trouble getting my head around how I would use a wiki in the classroom as I prefer a blog. With a Blog as a teacher I am able to gain more control over what is posted and who has access to it and most of the activities I had thought up worked in well with a blogs functionality. However after reading ideas from the website 50 ways to use a wiki my mind started exploding with ideas and now blogs seem a tool of the past. My next worry was how am I going to apply these activities scientifically? After coming across the website wiki ideas for the class room more ideas started to expanded and I was able to make a connection to the content of the science curriculum.

My favourite activities at the present is designing an wiki that students formulate their own glossary of terms linking sites to these terms. In science and in other subjects it can feel like you are speaking a different language and it can be good to gain other peoples interpretations of concepts.

Frameworks!

The framework that I work best with is Blooms Taxonomy. I enjoy a lot of how blooms focuses on the the different types of thinking processes and activities that associated with them. The concept map I have created expresses this.

Frangenheim, E. (2006) Reflections on classroom thinking strategies.Loganholme. Qld: Rodin Ed Publishing

Learning Theories

Through analysing the four learning theories you begin to develop and understanding of how a student can best learn. It does be come difficult to select the right theory to work by as all have positives and negatives but I have found over my time teaching that you select parts from each theory that suit your situation.

By this stage in the learning management degree almost every educational subject has focused highly on these theories. Instead of outlining each theory for this post I thought it would be more useful to apply the type of digital tools that would be effective to each theory. These were found on the elearning pedagogy site.

Behaviourist
Breaking learning into smaller steps and providing positive and negative feedback
eg: Quiz

Cognitive
Learning through specific differences. Organize
eg: Mental maps (concept maps), making the links : media presentations

Constructivism
Processes involved with learning
eg: Real world simulation and collaborating with other ( blogs, skype, wiki)

Through out this course I hope to add more digital activities that could apply to the different learners.

Multiple Intelligences

Multiple Intelligences results

I did try and make a hyperlink to my results but it will not show up.

My results showed that I was a Kinaesthetic, Intra and Inter personal and logical learner. I believe the results were pretty spot on with how I like to learn. I am a very active learner and learn by doing the skill. I do prefer to study by myself but love socializing. I much prefer number equations as it make a lot more sense to me then reading a word equation.

I would love to do this activity in the classroom especially with core classes such as maths and english to identify strategies that would be effective to the learner that would engage them as in most cases students are either stronger in English or Maths not both.

Digital Tool 2: Concept Map

Eric Frangenheim (2006) discusses how concept maps provide the know and learn elements to a unit and are closely linked to the thinking strategy of K.W.H.L. Constructing a digital concept map allows the student to personalize and make alterations and additions which can reflect what the student has learnt. I find that the use of a concept map would be effective at the beginning of a topic as used in this course. By the student identifying the key points then elaborating linking points can start constructing a flow of how the unit can link. Students can see where there journey is heading towards and identify what they must know to achieve the outcome.

I find the use a concept map a great way to identify what I need to know in a subject. In my subject area of science I find them very effective with identifing key concepts and also using images and find my students replicate this process aswell. I would be interest to know if other people have used this strategy personally in there learning or prefer a different strategy.

Digital Tool 1: Blogging

Being a pre-service high school teacher for 2 years now I have observed that students have a constant need to communicate. Whether it is verbal or via text messaging, the constant need to know what is going on with the world around them and having the need to voice their opinion is amazing. To this day it still shocks me that students will spend all day with their friends at school and as soon as they arrive home it is straight onto facebook to talk to the same people they just spent the day with.

From these observations the inclusion of blogging within a unit of work could appeal very effectively to a high school student as it provided opportunities to communicate with peers, voice opinions and work with technology. After reading Marc Prensky (2001) findings it is very truthful that today's students are living in a digital age world and the pressure to support this is increasing. Blogging can been seen to support this need and provide engagement for the student as it is able to connect to what is currently being used in the digital world around them.

Being a science teacher it is a constant event in this subject area that students have whole group discussions about certain topics. These discussions have the ability to take up a lot of time in class where learning needs to happen. The use of a blog I have found to be very effective on topics such as evolution and cloning where students have strong opinions. If topics do arise in class I will post on my class blog the topic and points for students to consider. From this point students are to reflect on their blog about the topic and peers and myself can make comments. Before conducting in blogging students are made aware of the rules that are required for commenting and that their class blog is still a professional document and literacy skills need to be maintained.

For the senior science students blogging can be very effective in the EEI assessment that is required to be completed in year 11 and 12. This particular assessment requires student to design an experiment and record a journal of the process and produce a scientific report. This assessment can take between 2 to 3 terms to complete. By students using a blog for their journal the teacher is able to keep up to date with the progress of assignment and offer constant feedback.

Finally, regardless of subject blogging provides the opportunity for students to reflect on a days lesson and keep up to date with what is being taught in class. It is important for the student to reflect on a lesson to ensure that learning has been achieved. The teacher is also able to monitor if the student is having difficulty with certain learning areas and provide feedback support. In large classes it can become difficult for the teacher to observe every students work but by posting small activities in relation to the lesson for students to answer on their blog can allow for further observation to be achieved by both peers and teacher.